International Journal of Trends in OncoScience

An assessment of knowledge attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening and vaccination among women in gwagwalada area council, abuja nigeria

Yalma RM, Ochem UM, Adetayo OA — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, with low uptake of screening and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination contributing to its high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of women regarding cervical cancer prevention is essential for designing effective interventions. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among women in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 women aged 18–49 years in Gwagwalada Area Council who were selected by using both cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV, attitudes toward screening and vaccination practices. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistic version 21 using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations between variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results:The study revealed low knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV vaccine (54.5%). A good number of the respondent (78.7%) had good attitude towards screening and vaccination, 6.1% of these have been vaccinated. A few respondents (26) with negative attitude had also been vaccinated. This study revealed that only 15(6.1%) of the respondents had had HPV vaccination.

Conclusion: There is a significant gap between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical cancer prevention among women in Gwagwalada. Despite positive attitudes, actual uptake of screening and vaccination remains low. There is a critical need for targeted health education to improve screening and HPV vaccine uptake. There is also a need to subsidized services, and integration of cervical cancer prevention into primary health care services.

Breaking the cycle: enhancing medication adherence in pcos and pcod management

G. Venkata Nagaraju, K.Pranathi, B.Navya, B.Lakshmi Prasanna, K.Srujani Valsa — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is one of the prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, with an estimated prevalence of 5-10%. PCOD is one of the most prevalent metabolic and reproductive disease. This is a medical condition where women’s ovaries generate a significant number of immature or partially mature eggs, which eventually develop in to a ovarian cyst. As a result, the ovarian grows large and secretes more androgens, irregular menstruation periods, abnormal weight gain, hair loss and infertility.

The review on management of cervical cancer

Petluri Geethanjali, Yeddu Sribharathi, Afroz Patan, Yadala Prapurna Chandra — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, notably HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the primary etiological factor, leading to molecular and cellular alterations that drive malignant transformation. Additional risk factors include immunosuppressant, early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and genetic susceptibility. Early-stage disease is often asymptomatic, emphasizing the importance of regular screening through Pap smears, HPV DNA testing, or visual inspection with acetic acid. Common clinical manifestations include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, and systemic features such as fatigue and weight loss in advanced cases. Strategies for management vary depending on the stage. The main treatment for early-stage cervical cancer is surgery, such as radical hysterectomy or fertility-sparing operations, sometimes in conjunction with adjuvant chemoradiation. Concurrent chemo radiation is used to treat locally advanced illness, usually with regimens based on cisplatin. Systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy—including immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic drugs-may be necessary for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. In addition to early identification through screening programs, prevention through HPV vaccine, safe sexual practices, and lifestyle adjustment is still crucial. The future of precision oncology in cervical cancer is represented by emerging treatments such therapeutic vaccines, targeted medicines, and customized genetic techniques. To lower the burden of disease and enhance patient survival and quality of life worldwide, a multidisciplinary strategy incorporating prevention, early diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up is crucial.